Friday, January 9, 2009

Chapter I. Introduction

"Onion and Calamansi Extract as Cockroach Killer"


A. Background of the study
Cockroaches are one of the most commonly noted pest insects due to their population. More than 3000 species live in tropical regions. They are abundant in and aroud dwellings in temperate areas. Cockroaches are also the hardiest insects on the planet. Some species are capable of remaining active for a month without food or being able to survive on limited resources. Since this insects feed on homan and pet foods they can also serve as vectors for disease transmission.
To control this pests, chemical or synthetic insecticides are usually in many households. This insecticide has many disadvantages because this can pose danger in our environment like air pollution.
This study uses onion nad calamansi extract to control the cockroaches in the house. The extract from onion revealed the presence of propanethial S-oxide and the juice from calamansi contains limonens which can kill insects.

B. Statement of the Problem

It especially attempetd to answer the question:
* Is there any significanct difference between the effectiveness of onion and calamansi extract, and commercial insecticide?


C. Hypothesis
* There any significanct difference between the effectiveness of onion and calamansi extract, and commercial insecticide.

D.Significance of the study
The result of the study will help the community lessen the number of cockroaches in their houses. This can kill cockroaches that causes and fffood poisoning and allergies to people without buying expensive commercial insecticides.

E. Definition Of Terms
Propanethial S-oxide- naturally ocurring chemical containing an atomic arrangement called sulfide group.

Limonens- a liquid unsaturated hydro carbon that smells like that smells like lemon.

Chapter II. Review of Related Literature
Onion is the pungent edible bulb of a cultivated plant related to the lilies. "Onion" is a term used for many plant sion the genus allium. They are known by the common name "onion" but used without qualifiers, it usually refers to Allium cepa. Allium cepa is also known as the garden onion or bulb onion and shallot. The amount of essential oil from onion is very small but it contains the aromatic and tear producing properties. These are caused by sulfide which are produced by the reaction of the enzyme alliinase on an amino acid. These substances are normally is separate cell in the tissues, but when the onion is cut and bruised, rupturing the cells, the reaction take splace. In the late 1970s a chemical was identified as propanethal S-oxide, the onion chemical that makes the people tear-up. Onions are frequently used in science education to demonstrate microscope usage, because they have particualrly large cell which are readily observed even at log magnifications.
Kumquat- Dwarf Calamondin is refereed to as calamansi in the Philippines. It is ornamental bearing heavy crops of small round fruits. the fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 1 mto 1.5 inches. It is apparently native to the Philippine Islands, but is thought by some to be hybrid which arose naturally in China through insect pollination. The oil from the peeling of calamsi contains hexane, an ingredient use in making gasoline. Some species of calamsi has strong insecticidal prosperties. The calamsi is rich in Vitamin C and deodorizing properties too. The tree is widely culitvated in the Philippines and Hawaii and has been introduced to Florida.

References:
www.wikipedia.com
http://daleysfruit.com.au/fruitpages/dwarfs.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/calamansi
http://en.wikipedia.org//wiki/Syn-propanethial-S-Oxide
Colliers Encyclopedia 5


Chapter III. Methodology
Materials:
-onion
-calamansi
-glass container
-mortar and pestle
-sprayer

Procedure:
Take an amount of onion and weigh them. Dlice the onion and pound it with a mortar and pestle. Extact its juice and set it aside. measure an amount of calamasi extract. Combine the extract of onion and calamansi in a glass container. Let it stand for sometime. Shake it and filter it with a fine filter then put it in a sprayer.

Testing:
Cockroaches were collected and place in large boxes covered with stockings. The cockroaches were treated with sprays 3 and 5 of onion extraxt, calamsi extract, onion and calamsi extract and commercial insecticide. The cockroaches were observed for dizziness and immobility. Treatment and observation were done.


Chapter IV. Results and Discussion
This chapter shows the results of the study entitled " Onion and Calamansi Extract as Cockroach Killer" in a tabular form.


Table 1: Onion Extract

Time(min)

No. of sprays

No. of cockroaches

Cockroaches killed

10

3

5

0

10

5

5

1




Discussion: Table 1 shows that it is less effective in killing cockroach if we only use the onion extraxt.

Table 2: Calamansi Extract

Time(min)

No. of sprays

No. of cockroaches

Cockroaches killed

10

3

5

1

10

5

5

2




Table 3: Onion and Calamansi Extract

Time(min)

No. of sprays

No. of cockroaches

Cockroaches killed

10

3

5

2

10

5

5

3





Table 4: Commercial Insecticide

Time(min)

No. of sprays

No. of cockroaches

Cockroaches killed

10

3

5

3

10

5

5

5




Discussion:
In table 1 and table 2 it shows that it is less effective in killing cockroaches if we only use onion extract and calamnsi extract only.
In table 3 and 4 it shows the effectivity of onion and calamansi ectract and commercial insecticide in killing pest. in table 3 it shows that as the no.of sprays increases more cockroaches are killed. it shows that it is more effective if we combine the two extracts.



Chapter V. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

SUMMARY
The study was conducted to determine the Feasibility of Onion and Calamansi extract as Cockroach Killer. The cockroaches found inside the house were used in the study.


CONCLUSION

The researcher therefore conclude that the Onion and Calamansi Extract is feasible in making pesticide in this experimentation.

RECOMMENDATION
The researcher recommends to the next researcher to conduct more trials of this product to prove its effectiveness.


ABSTRACT
This study,Onion and Calamansi Extract as Cockroach killer, aims to evaluate and compare its effectiveness to the commercial preparations. Experiments were done to compare the effectiveness of the product to the commercial ones.
Result of the study showed that Onion and Calamansi Extract can be used as agent for cockroach killer because it successfully showed effectiveness.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to extend her heartfelt gratitude to the persons whom she owed in achieving the success of the research:

1. Ms. Balve Granido for giving advice on how to make the study correctly and helping her patiently in analyzing the gathered data.

2. Her parents for the financial assistance and understanding they gave.

3.To all her friends and classmates for the support and source of information they gave.

4. To our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ who always give her knowledge and wisdom in her studies.


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